DIABETIC FOOT TREATMENT

• September 15, 2022
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Patients with diabetes are more prone to developing ulcers, infections, and foot deformities, which can lead to tissue necrosis from amputation. This is brought on by the coexistence of neuropathy and vascular disease. Diabetes affects how the nerves and blood vessels that supply the feet function. As a result, they are more likely to sustain minor wounds like cuts and pressure sores, which can result in the spread of infection to the foot. Sensory neuropathy deprives the diabetic foot of its pain-protective mechanism in response to minor trauma or rubbing, allowing ulceration to develop. Autonomic neuropathy enables foot shots and a decrease in sweating. Normal characteristics of the diabetic foot include warm skin, robust pedal pulses, and cracked dry skin. Through the fissure in the skin, localized bacteria that cause localized infections can enter. Motor neuropathy results in the loss of the small intrinsic foot muscles and the collapse of the longitudinal and transverse arches. As a result, abnormal pressure points develop, leading to ulceration. Atherosclerosis is more advanced and distal in diabetics at a younger age. It is typical for a diabetic to have a critically ischemic foot despite having a normal popliteal pulse because of the occlusion of the crural arteries. Oxygen diffusion into foot tissue is hindered by capillary basement membrane thickening and major artery disease. The management's objective is to deter meticulous foot care. When there are fewer serious foot complications, diabetes is easier to manage. Neuropathy is not specifically treated. The best method for treating local infections is debridement or the surgical removal of infected tissue. An MRI is an accurate way to determine the severity of an infection in the foot. A plain X-ray may reveal osteomyelitis, a bone infection. Multidisciplinary teamwork involving diabetes specialists, vascular surgeons, radiologists, and microbiologists significantly improves the outcome for patients with diabetic foot issues.

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