DIABETIC FOOT TREATMENT

• September 27, 2022
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Diabetes patients are more likely to develop foot deformities, ulcerations, and infections, which can result in tissue necrosis from amputation. This is due to the coexistence of vascular disease and neuropathy. Diabetes impairs the nerve and blood vessel function supplying the feet. They become more prone to minor injuries like cuts and pressure sores, which can cause an infection to spread to the foot. In response to minor trauma or rubbing, sensory neuropathy robs the diabetic foot of its pain-protective mechanism, allowing ulceration to form. Sweating decreases and shots in the foot are made possible by autonomic neuropathy. The diabetic foot typically has warm skin, strong pedal pulses, and cracked dry skin. Localized bacteria that cause localized infections can enter through the skin's fissure. The small intrinsic muscles of the foot are wasted due to motor neuropathy, which also causes the longitudinal and transverse arches to collapse. As a result, irregular pressure points form, which causes ulceration. In diabetics, atherosclerosis is more advanced and distal at a younger age. Due to the occlusion of the crural arteries, it is common for a diabetic to have a critically ischemic foot even though their popliteal pulse is normal. Along with major artery disease, capillary basement membrane thickening reduces the ability of oxygen to diffuse into the tissue of the foot. The goal of management is to discourage meticulous foot care. Diabetes is better managed when there are fewer serious foot complications. There is no specific treatment for neuropathy. Debridement, or the surgical removal of infected tissue, should be used to treat local infections. A plain X-ray may reveal osteomyelitis, a bone infection, and an MRI is an accurate way to assess the severity of an infection in the foot. For patients with diabetic foot problems, multidisciplinary teamwork involving diabetes specialists, vascular surgeons, radiologists, and microbiologists significantly improves the outcome.

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